إكثار و حفظ الأصل الوراثي لنبات اللوز Prunus amygdalus صنف Carmel خارج الجسم الحي

Abstract EN

The present investigation was conducted in plant research laboratory (Plant Research Center - School of Agriculture Food & Wine - University of Adelaide -Australia and plant tissue and cell culture laboratory - Department of Horticulture and landscape design - College of Agriculture and Forestry - University of Mosul, from February / 2010 to December /2013.

Aiming in Vitro Micropropagation of almond Prunus Amygdalus L.

and germplasm preservation possibility.

The effect of different media (MS، QL and WPM) enhanced with PGR BA alone or interacted with one of the following plant Auxin (IAA, IBA or NAA) to propagate Almond cv.

(Carmel) and preserving the explant by freezing (Cryopreservation) using Vitrification protocol.

At the stage of initiation single node cultured in MS، QL and WPM media fortified with different levels of BA (0, 1, 2,3 and 4 mg/L).

After 6 weeks, the obtained results showed that single node cultured in MS medium enhanced with 1 mg/L BA were found to give the best significant increasing for explant height (1.05 cm), number of shoots longer than 0.5 cm (1.0) and maximum total chlorophyll rate in leaves (34,62 SPAD), comparing with other treatments.

At the stage of Multiplication effect of enhancing MS medium (MS supplemented with 1 mg/L BA) with different Auxin (IAA, IBA and NAA) concentrations (0 , 0.01 , 0.05 , 0.1 , 0.3 , 0.5 mg/L) were studied independently .After 8 weeks، the obtained results showed that enhancing MS medium with 0.01 mg L-1 IAA treatment produced the best results in number of shoots / explant (7.20), number of shoots longer than 0.5 cm (3.20), as well as the highest number of leaves (36.70) with significant different from the other treatments.

Regarding cryopreservation experiments, the effect of exposure shoot tips (2-3 mm containing 3-4 leaf primordia ) from multiplication stage duration to Plant vitrification Solution (PVS) for (10, 20, 30, 40.,50 and 60 minutes), in order to prepare it for storage in liquid nitrogen for one week, After four weeks from shoot tips cultured in MS free growth regulators medium, The obtained results showed that 60 minutes was the best exposure duration, which gave largest shoots tips restore growth ability number with highest survival percentage (70%) which differed significantly comparing with 10 and 20 minutes