موقف العشائر الكردية من الاحتلال البريطاني للموصل عام 1919

Abstract EN

The Kurdish tribes, isolated from the Arab tribes from north to south in resisting the British presence in Iraq after the end of the First World War, had a clear and influential share of the British presence in Iraq, a catalyst that stirred the feelings of the people of Iraq in its south and center to stand up to the British authorities.

The Iraqi tribes were divided from north to south in their positions between the pro-British and Mu'adi of Iraq.

Kurdish and Arab clans emerged in their resistance and entered into fierce battles against the British.

They suffered great losses of lives and property in defense of the Iraqi territories, convinced that Britain was an occupied country.

And national custom and spirit stand in the face of self-sacrifice in defense of the homeland.

In Mosul there were a number of resistance movements led by Kurdish tribal leaders, who lived in the state of Mosul, which was the cause of discontent due to Britain's administrative policy against the people of Mosul by imposing taxes that burdened the people, as well as the national motives that escalated among the clans To defend their land.

After the occupation of the Kurdish areas in the state of Mosul, a number of resistance movements appeared on the scene by members of the Kurdish tribes in more than one area of Mosul.

The district of Zakho was one of the districts of the province of Mosul in the areas of Al-Kali, Salifani, Sindi, Fishkhabur, The number of the last fifty villages, run by more than one president or leader, and the number of armed militants by more than a thousand people, and the result of the misbehavior of the assistant political ruler in the district of Zakho, the members of the clan tried to kill him on April 4, 1919, near the village of Peugeot, Provoking the discontent of the authorities The leaders of the tribes agreed to issue a warning to the commander of the military campaign in Zakho to desist from shelling the villages and the savagery used by his soldiers in retaliation for their people.

If he refused, they threatened to enter the forces of Al-Quwain.

Na'im al-Sherif and Yusuf Muhammad, the most prominent leaders of the Quyan tribes and their accomplices, led a number of armed men to attack one of the judicial posts in the Sharansh area, where they managed to seize a number of guns in the station, as well as some other attacks.

And the fighting continued between the two sides until August 1919, as the British occupation forces burned a number of villages of the Sindi, Kali and Kuwain tribes, and at the same time appointed British authorities Weekly instead of the Assistant Governor A former politician in Zakho.

The armed resistance led by Sheikh Mahmud al-Barzanji in Sulaymaniyah on May 28, 1919, during which three hundred fighters were able to impose their control over the city of Sulaymaniyah and arrest the deputy governor of the political ruling, and the declaration of Sheikh Mahmoud as governor general on the north of Iraq, but the British authorities directed a military force from Kirkuk, Succeeded in entering the city of Sulaymaniyah on 18 June 1919, and the arrest of Sheikh Mahmoud and exile to India.