السياسة الأمريكية تجاه السعودية و إيران قبل عام 1955 م

Abstract EN

The United States of America paid due attention to The Arab Gulf region especially after the emergence of its oil wealth.The largest share of this attention goes to Saudi Arabia and Iran as they have a particular prominence in the region.

The relations has been initiated in the early years of the twentieth century.

A remarkable development was then witnessed since the end of World War II, when the American policy was turned towards strengthening the relations with the two countries through economic and military support.

However, there was no equal access to aids, especially the military ones.

Iran had the predominant share of the aids.

Also, the US government paid a great attention to the issue of Iran's armament in accordance with the American Doctrine of Truman, in a bid to protect Iran from the Soviet Union threat.

At the same time when the qustion of Palestine and the Arab-Israeli conflict had adversely affected the armament of Saudi Arabia, the problem was soon overcomed in regard to the great importance of Saudian Oil for the US.

They managed to restore their strong relations.

At that time, Iran's oil was vulnerable to Soviet and American monopoly.

In trying to break up this monopoly, the US government exploited the oil nationalization issue aroused by the Iranian prime minister "Mohammed Mosaddeq".

The fight between the prime minister and the Shah of Iran was also used against him.

The US government and the British government agreed to devise a plan to overthrow Mosaddeq's government.

In october 1954, an international agreement was signed with the Iranian government to resolve the oil issue.

Under the agreement, the US oil companies obtained a 40 per cent share in Iran's oil investments.