التحولات الاقتصادية و الاجتماعية في العراق و أثرها في استحداث وزارة الأشغال و الإسكان للمدة 1959-1963

Abstract EN

In the period from 1959 to 1963, Iraq witnessed comprehensive changes in the economic and social aspects, due to the revolution of July 14, 1958, which abolished the monarchy and declared the republican system.

Among these changes was the creation of the Ministry of Works and Housing to address the housing crisis in Baghdad and other cities.

Which is not programmed from the countryside to the cities, due to the procedures of the revolution in the field of agrarian reform when the will to determine the influence and effectiveness of the big owners, issued the law of agrarian reform No.

30 of 1958 and under which the ownership of agricultural land was allocated, The law, meanwhile, opened the way for farmers to migrate to cities, especially that these cities witnessed during the period a remarkable development in the field of services and provide jobs in the field of industry, trade, oil, army, police and other public services, so the number of immigrants to cities and In parallel with the number of apartments that they inhabit randomly at the outskirts of cities, as well as the high rent for housing, and for the purpose of finding a solution to this problem based on the objectives of the leaders of the revolution, including the provision of adequate housing for citizens, so the government introduced the Ministry of Works and Housing to do this task The new ministry has established the role and distributed it to the owners of the branches and the distribution of plots of land for the construction of houses on the housing, which led to the emergence of new neighborhoods in all centers of brigades in Iraq, including (modern neighborhood) and (housing district) and (Al-Zaim neighborhood) The cities of the revolution, known as Sadr City, Al-Shula City and Al-Rashad City, as well as the neighborhoods built for the armed forces, The population in the cities and the lowest in the The urban labor force has become active in trade, industry, construction, army, police and other areas of service.

This has led to the emergence of the expansion of trade union labor, which called for improving working conditions, setting hours and increasing wages, which led the government to pass labor legislation, This resulted in the abandonment of the agricultural land that was distributed to them.

This was reflected in the decline in the agricultural production of the years 1958-1959, due to several factors, most notably the migration factor to the cities, despite the government's construction of the agricultural land.

The most prominent of which is the typical village in the Rabia district in the Mosul district and the modern village in the Latifiya area in the outskirts of Baghdad.

However, these measures did not prevent the influx of migrants into the cities.

The ministry completed huge works in the field of building governmental institutions after contracting with companies.

The construction of the presidential palace and the Ministry of Planning and the Ministry of Works and Housing and laying the foundation stone for the city of medicine and the building of the National Council and the establishment of a sports stadium, and the touches of transformations in the Iraqi society in the field of housing and construction are clear during the period 1959-1963.