دور الموانئ الأفريقية في تسهيل حركة الحج إلى الحجاز في القرنين 06 و 07 ه-12 و 13 م : عيذاب و زيلع أنموذجا

Abstract EN

This study discusses the impact of African ports in facilitating pilgrimages' matters to the Hijaz in the sixth and seventh centuries AD / twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and highlights the historical significance of being addressed to the role of the two most important East African ports are ports Aidab and Zeila as they are considered the leading African pilgrimage outlets for pilgrims of this continent to the west coast of the Arabian peninsula in the land of Hijaz across the Red Sea, ports Aivab and Zeila many facilities for travelers through them, Aidab and Zeila ports presented many facilities for travelers through them, and provided them with some of the requirements needed by the pilgrims in their travel trip, such as protection during the road trip, means of transport, food and other necessary things for any traveler who traveled through land or sea, with reference to some trouble and hardships that were exposed to the pilgrims as they traveled in the sea journey such as , bad weather, severe storms, pirates 'cutting off and thieves ships at sea, and other things that exhausted pilgrims and tired them through trip.

We have reached in this study through what is mentioned in historical sources to some important results which confirm that there is an old historical relationship linked the east coast of Africa coasts of Hijaz, and that Islam came to entrench relationship and documented through the transmission of some Muslims to the coast, and the spread of Islam ,and the establishment of various Islamic Emirates, all of these were the reasons of interest in these ports, which have become the only port that binds them to the Holy land in the Hijaz, as it is the first leg of the journey to pilgrimage, as well as other results will be reviewed at the end of the study.