فلسفة العدالة في الفكر الرافديني القديم

Abstract EN

The research was to show, how the wording of the concept and the cause of justice and the value and philosophy within the framework of thought Alravedini, was adopted in the writing of research on the analytical method in the follow-up of historical texts has been research in five main areas: -- The first axis: - The first signs to indicate to the idea of justice is in the first two attempts to define the concept of justice and the statement of the foundations upon which, either section was to address the issue of justice in different angles so as to know whether justice or very mean? How was the circulation of a moral, political, social and philosophical? The second axis is: - can be searched in the position of justice in the civilization of Mesopotamia, in order to find out achieved by the old Iraqi in the matter of justice, and what levels? And how it was applied? While the third axis: - justice between the will of the gods and human action, in order to figure out what is the role of human action in the justice? And how the gods created the will and strength to uphold justice.

And the fourth axis: - which was under the title of justice in the law and the laws of Mesopotamia has been allocated to discuss the justice within the secular laws, and the extent of its presence in the documentation and legislation.

While the fifth axis: - was looking for justice in the fact of the elements of civilization.

We have come through this study, to see that justice gives the meaning of truth, righteousness and justice are on the road to the right, which is the dividing line between the individual and its rights and obligations, and justice meet with the law as a set of binding rules governing the conduct of individuals in society and a spirit of the body, and in social terms is justice against injustice, and in the field of philosophical inquiry, philosophers see that justice is one of the good things that seek to achieve morality of human beings and the basis of equality and principle to mediate between the parties to the excessive, negligence, and justice in the first two aspects to moral philosophers, since it believed it was the virtue of justice The second law, the fact that the individual was a member of a group linked to its members and links to different relations, and justice in Mesopotamia did not come out with these two frameworks we have found justice in the civilization of Mesopotamia, close to the legal aspect, as the Iraqis achieved advanced standards in the formulation of laws, and that justice is to have link between the will of the gods and human action, as King is in charge of the administration of justice because it reflects the will of the gods, and that justice was included in positive law, ie, within the law in place, has made examples of justice, which embodies a lot like the Code of Hammurabi, and others, which is part of the requirements and elements of civilization.