نظرية العقد الاجتماعي : مفهومها وموقف الفكر الإسلامي منها

Abstract EN

Praise be to God, and may blessings and peace be upon our master Muhammad, the Messenger of God, his family and companions, and who is his family.

And after: The research is summarized in the following: 1.

The social contract: according to which every individual in society waives some of the releases of his rights and freedoms to the group to which he belongs, and which the state embodies, in exchange for organizing this state to exercise those rights and freedoms among all individuals and protect them.

2.

The importance of the subject appears in the fact that it deals with a political intellectual theory, one of the major theories that helped Western civilization to rise from its recession during the Middle Ages - the dark -because the West was able to get rid of injustice, tyranny and backwardness, and other types of degradation that were surrounding it before The authority of the Church, and in various walks of life.

3.

The subject plan included: introduction and two topics: The first topic included: definition of title determinants.

The second topic: In the emergence of the theory (the social contract) and the position of Islamic thought on it.

4.

We put a conclusion at the end of the research: it includes the most important results that I reached while writing the research, including: a.

The theory (the social contract) is the first path to democracy in the West, as it is the first stage of secularism, and it is called (partial secularism) before reaching universal secularism which in turn went through three stages: the stage of modernization, then modernity, then post-modernity.

B.

In fact, this theory proves wrong in several ways, the most important of which is that the human individual has no consideration in terms of actions and objects except what is defined by the law for him, as the Holy Street is the principle of powers and states, but in this theory the human individual is the one who carries this task, and it is known to the wise that what carries Human beings from a deficiency they cannot overcome, and take the role of the wise legislator, in addition to its fanciful conception of the contract, acontract that theorists cannot prove historically, it is a fictitious contract that the early political writers resorted to assuming, either as an escape from the open confrontation of the ruling authorities at that time, or the slander Her -the difference between their owners, but - truth be told - as is not without some of the benefits mentioned in this research.

Praise be to God in the beginning and in the end, and may God bless our master Muhammad and his family and companions.