The anatomy of the nasal cavity of the donkey : a model for electronic learning modules

Abstract EN

Growing number of students, increasing costs of education, demand for quality education and limited facilities (tools are the most common education challenges for the Egyptian higher education).

•High percentage of the students (80-90%) were satisfied with the various elements of the e-learning evaluation survey, though they agreed about the presence of technical problems regarding the internet connection and facilities To perform this work, resected heads of five donkeys (3-5 years old) were grossly studied using variable anatomical techniques and the obtained data were used for developing a theoretical and practical interactive and electronic learning (E-Learning) module focusing on the anatomy of the nasal cavity of the donkey.

Media, electronic tools, computer programs and authoring apps were used as aiding tools for development of a web-based module for teaching and learning veterinary anatomy that enables students to learn anywhere and at any time.

The present work revealed that, each nostril is divided by the alar cartilage into a dorsal false nostril (leads to a blind diverticulum in the Naso-incisive notch) and a ventral, true nostril (leads to the nasal cavity proper).

The nostrils and nasal cavities of the donkey were supported by group of nasal cartilages (nasal septum, alar cartilages, dorsal lateral cartilages, ventral lateral cartilages and medial accessory cartilages).

The nasal cavity as a respiratory passage extended from the nostrils rostrally to the cribriform plate caudally.

It continued with the nasopharynx caudally through the posterior nares or choanae.

Structurally, the nasal cavity possesses nasal conchae (dorsal, middle, ventral and ethmoidal conchae), folds (straight, alar and basal folds) and meatuses (dorsal, middle, ventral and common nasal meatuses).

The present study concluded that: • The nasal cavities of the donkey are not completely identical to that of the horse.

•Although e-learning provides several benefits the online education has not solved the problem of practicing soft skills