برنامج قائم على نظرية البنتاجرام Pentagram ؛ لتنمية الاستدلالين : الجغرافي و التاريخي لدى طلاب الفرقة الرابعة شعبة الدراسات الاجتماعية بكلية التربية-جامعة الإسكندرية

Abstract EN

The research aims to determine the effectiveness of a program based on the theory of Pentagram in developing the two reasonings : geographical and historical ; among students, teachers in the fourth year, Division of Social Studies, Faculty of Education-University of Alexandria.

To achieve this goal, the two researchers used the two methods: descriptive, experimental, and one group, and the research procedures began to arrive at a theoretical framework to search for : (reasonings : geographic, and historical; in addition to the theory of the Pentagon), then preparing the research tools which are : (two tests : geographical reasoning, and Historical reasoning), And its application to the research sample consisting of (56) students taught in the fourth year of social studies, and using arithmetic averages, percentages and test (T), correlation coefficient, and ETA square ; several research results were reached, the most important of which were : (The proposed program based on the theory of Pentagram is effective in The development of reasonings : geographical and historical ; for students of social studies teachers) ; then reaching a set of recommendations, and proposed research.