ولاية القاضي في عمان في القرون الأربعة الأولى للهجرة

Abstract EN

I have detailed the utterance in the appearance of the judge’s positon that is known in both the language and idiom and that the first appearance of this position was in Oman and was for Amr Ebn El-aas at the sixth, eighth or eleventh year of hijrah.

And that in the Era of The Righteous Caliphs; Oman was from those states that had the governor have the judge’s duties assigned to him in addition to his other duties.

Where there was cooperation of The Alglendes with the governors until the governors do their duties such as judging and others.

And The Al-glendes kept ruling over Oman behind the Umayyad Caliphate until El-Hagag Ben Yousif El-Thakafi was appointed by the Caliph Abd El-Malek Ben-Marawan as a prince over Iraq, this made him capable of subjugating Oman under his ruling.

And the governors kept coming and going over Oman until the appearance of the Abbasiya Caliphate at the year (132 Hijri-749 AD) until they appointed an Imam for them and they became independent for the management of Oman making AL-Glendy Ben Masood the first Imam & Judge for Oman.

The authority for the appointment of a judge to an Imam or Caliph or if even on their behalf; is through two methods.

First one is the direct appointing, which can be through the Imam or Vice Imam as they appoint those who have the required conditions and the best of them as well only.

While the second method is through elections, and it is done by the elections of stakeholders (the people who others come to for help) to be appointed as judges and the election isn’t completed unless the ruler approves it.

And the jurisdiction is convened through the statement “We made you a judge of rights” and with any other statement revolving around this particular meaning.

Then i spoke about the types of jurisdiction customization which were: territoriality (locative jurisdiction), temporal competence (time jurisdiction), geographical jurisdiction & the jurisdiction for a particular case.

And the duties of the judge is to separate between conflicts, fulfillment of rights and considering the judgments involving hurting one another and even killing, and to look at the money of orphans, and to supervise over imprisonments, and the implementation of wills, convening of marriage to unmarried women, looking at the public interests and its well-being, setting boundaries according to the Imam’s authorization, promotion of virtues and proscription of vice and evil & looking into jails.

From the qualities & ethics that should be in the judge are: to adhere to ethics of sharia, preserve chivalry & wits, to be highly motivated, to wait for what he deplores, to know what came before him, devout clever, intelligent and fair for what goes on in front of him, solemn & fearful and the most important ethic is to be equipped with generosity.

He also should avoid opposition & to have clarity.

Then I talked about the relation of the judge with the Imam, the ruler & the community after being appointed.

The judge isn’t allowed to accept any presents or buy & sell in the Judicial Council.

But he is allowed to attend funerals and check on patients.

The chief justice is considered to be the highest position in judiciary.

The Imam have the right to isolate the judge with or without reasons while the judge doesn’t have the right to isolate himself.