مشكلة الإسكان في المجتمع المصري : تحليل تاريخي للسياسات الإسكانية في الفترة من (1952-2011)‎

Abstract EN

Objective of the Research: The research aims to demonstrate and analyze the development of the Housing problem in Egypt and the policies of the country to face it in the period from 1952 in the last decade to 2011.

The study depends on the analysis of the documents on the Housing policies available on the time of the research.

The study came out in two axes as follows: - The importance of the house and the right to possess one (Analysis of the International charters and articles of the constitution of 2014).

- The dimensions of the Housing problem and the policies implemented to confront it during the time period covered in the study.

The study reached various results the most important are: - The features of the Population problem started to be obvious after the second world war as a result of the continuous gradual decrease in death rate from one year to another due to the development in health services and the discovering of many vaccines and antibiotics, and the development of medicine and hygiene.

This gradual decrease in death rate was not accompanied by that decrease in birth rate, but remained relatively high; which led to the hilarious increase in the population growth, thus the increase in the whole population.

- As, Egypt is characterized by the high increase and uneven distribution of population, the increase in rural migration to the cities led to the endangerment of the problem.

Moreover, the changes that Egypt has witnessed in the fifties led to increasing in the construction of great industries that shared in creating new job opportunities and accordingly increased migration rate to the cities and the demand on urban housing.

- The Government tried to confront this crucial problem by giving the issue of Housing problem priority.

However, this priority has been affected by the political and economic situations of the country; such as the priority of political conditions of war, or the priority of economic development policies as encouragement of great industries and economic open-door policy.

- The Government policy directed its attention towards creating Housing projects for limited incomers as workers, and issuing laws and legislations to govern the relation between the owners and the tenants in return for the countries sacrifice of the taxes set on houses to encourage investment of the private sector in Housing.

Finally, the government policy has been directed toward the construction of new cities, implementing new programs and national projects aiming to provide limited income sector with houses.