![](/images/graphics-bg.png)
Water Fluoridation: A Critical Review of the Physiological Effects of Ingested Fluoride as a Public Health Intervention
المؤلفون المشاركون
المصدر
العدد
المجلد 2014، العدد 2014 (31 ديسمبر/كانون الأول 2014)، ص ص. 1-10، 10ص.
الناشر
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
تاريخ النشر
2014-02-26
دولة النشر
مصر
عدد الصفحات
10
التخصصات الرئيسية
الطب البشري
تكنولوجيا المعلومات وعلم الحاسوب
الملخص EN
Fluorine is the world’s 13th most abundant element and constitutes 0.08% of the Earth crust.
It has the highest electronegativity of all elements.
Fluoride is widely distributed in the environment, occurring in the air, soils, rocks, and water.
Although fluoride is used industrially in a fluorine compound, the manufacture of ceramics, pesticides, aerosol propellants, refrigerants, glassware, and Teflon cookware, it is a generally unwanted byproduct of aluminium, fertilizer, and iron ore manufacture.
The medicinal use of fluorides for the prevention of dental caries began in January 1945 when community water supplies in Grand Rapids, United States, were fluoridated to a level of 1 ppm as a dental caries prevention measure.
However, water fluoridation remains a controversial public health measure.
This paper reviews the human health effects of fluoride.
The authors conclude that available evidence suggests that fluoride has a potential to cause major adverse human health problems, while having only a modest dental caries prevention effect.
As part of efforts to reduce hazardous fluoride ingestion, the practice of artificial water fluoridation should be reconsidered globally, while industrial safety measures need to be tightened in order to reduce unethical discharge of fluoride compounds into the environment.
Public health approaches for global dental caries reduction that do not involve systemic ingestion of fluoride are urgently needed.
نمط استشهاد جمعية علماء النفس الأمريكية (APA)
Peckham, Stephen& Awofeso, Niyi. 2014. Water Fluoridation: A Critical Review of the Physiological Effects of Ingested Fluoride as a Public Health Intervention. The Scientific World Journal،Vol. 2014, no. 2014, pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1049107
نمط استشهاد الجمعية الأمريكية للغات الحديثة (MLA)
Peckham, Stephen& Awofeso, Niyi. Water Fluoridation: A Critical Review of the Physiological Effects of Ingested Fluoride as a Public Health Intervention. The Scientific World Journal No. 2014 (2014), pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1049107
نمط استشهاد الجمعية الطبية الأمريكية (AMA)
Peckham, Stephen& Awofeso, Niyi. Water Fluoridation: A Critical Review of the Physiological Effects of Ingested Fluoride as a Public Health Intervention. The Scientific World Journal. 2014. Vol. 2014, no. 2014, pp.1-10.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1049107
نوع البيانات
مقالات
لغة النص
الإنجليزية
الملاحظات
Includes bibliographical references
رقم السجل
BIM-1049107
قاعدة معامل التأثير والاستشهادات المرجعية العربي "ارسيف Arcif"
أضخم قاعدة بيانات عربية للاستشهادات المرجعية للمجلات العلمية المحكمة الصادرة في العالم العربي
![](/images/ebook-kashef.png)
تقوم هذه الخدمة بالتحقق من التشابه أو الانتحال في الأبحاث والمقالات العلمية والأطروحات الجامعية والكتب والأبحاث باللغة العربية، وتحديد درجة التشابه أو أصالة الأعمال البحثية وحماية ملكيتها الفكرية. تعرف اكثر
![](/images/kashef-image.png)