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Characterization of Toxic Metals in Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke, and Cigarette Ash from Selected Imported and Local Brands in Pakistan
المؤلفون المشاركون
Ajab, Huma
Yaqub, Asim
Malik, Salman Akbar
Junaid, Muhammad
Yasmeen, Sadia
Abdullah, Mohd Azmuddin
المصدر
العدد
المجلد 2014، العدد 2014 (31 ديسمبر/كانون الأول 2014)، ص ص. 1-5، 5ص.
الناشر
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
تاريخ النشر
2014-02-02
دولة النشر
مصر
عدد الصفحات
5
التخصصات الرئيسية
الطب البشري
تكنولوجيا المعلومات وعلم الحاسوب
الملخص EN
In this study, concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Cr were determined in tobacco, tobacco smoke-condensate, and cigarette ash for selected brands used in Pakistan.
Smoking apparatus was designed for metal extraction from cigarette smoke.
Samples were digested through microwave digester and then analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS).
Higher concentration of Ni was detected in imported brands than the counterparts in the local brands.
Pb levels were however higher in local brands while significant concentration of Cd was observed in both brands.
For Cr, the level in tobacco of local brands was higher than their emitted smoke, whereas imported brands showed higher level in smoke than in tobacco.
The cigarette ash retained 65 to 75% of the metal and about 25 to 30% went into the body.
While this study revealed the serious requirement to standardize the manufacturing of tobacco products, more importantly is the urgent need for stronger enforcements to put in place to alert the general population about the hazardous effects of cigarettes and the health risks associated with these toxic metals.
نمط استشهاد جمعية علماء النفس الأمريكية (APA)
Ajab, Huma& Yaqub, Asim& Malik, Salman Akbar& Junaid, Muhammad& Yasmeen, Sadia& Abdullah, Mohd Azmuddin. 2014. Characterization of Toxic Metals in Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke, and Cigarette Ash from Selected Imported and Local Brands in Pakistan. The Scientific World Journal،Vol. 2014, no. 2014, pp.1-5.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1049525
نمط استشهاد الجمعية الأمريكية للغات الحديثة (MLA)
Ajab, Huma…[et al.]. Characterization of Toxic Metals in Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke, and Cigarette Ash from Selected Imported and Local Brands in Pakistan. The Scientific World Journal No. 2014 (2014), pp.1-5.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1049525
نمط استشهاد الجمعية الطبية الأمريكية (AMA)
Ajab, Huma& Yaqub, Asim& Malik, Salman Akbar& Junaid, Muhammad& Yasmeen, Sadia& Abdullah, Mohd Azmuddin. Characterization of Toxic Metals in Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke, and Cigarette Ash from Selected Imported and Local Brands in Pakistan. The Scientific World Journal. 2014. Vol. 2014, no. 2014, pp.1-5.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1049525
نوع البيانات
مقالات
لغة النص
الإنجليزية
الملاحظات
Includes bibliographical references
رقم السجل
BIM-1049525
قاعدة معامل التأثير والاستشهادات المرجعية العربي "ارسيف Arcif"
أضخم قاعدة بيانات عربية للاستشهادات المرجعية للمجلات العلمية المحكمة الصادرة في العالم العربي
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تقوم هذه الخدمة بالتحقق من التشابه أو الانتحال في الأبحاث والمقالات العلمية والأطروحات الجامعية والكتب والأبحاث باللغة العربية، وتحديد درجة التشابه أو أصالة الأعمال البحثية وحماية ملكيتها الفكرية. تعرف اكثر
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