Considerations for Defining Cytokine Dose, Duration, and Milieu That Are Appropriate for Modeling Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes
المؤلف
المصدر
العدد
المجلد 2016، العدد 2016 (31 ديسمبر/كانون الأول 2016)، ص ص. 1-9، 9ص.
الناشر
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
تاريخ النشر
2016-10-23
دولة النشر
مصر
عدد الصفحات
9
التخصصات الرئيسية
الملخص EN
Proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathophysiology of both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
T1D is an autoimmune disease involving the adaptive immune system responding to pancreatic beta-cells as antigen-presenting cells.
This attracts immune cells that surround pancreatic islets (insulitis) and secrete cytokines, such as IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, in close proximity to pancreatic beta-cells.
In contrast, there is little evidence for such a focused autoimmune response in T2D.
Instead, the innate immune system, which responds to cellular damage and pathogens, appears to play a key role.
There are three major sources of proinflammatory cytokines that may impact islet/beta-cell function in T2D: (1) from islet cells, (2) from increased numbers of intraislet macrophages/immune cells, and (3) from increased circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines due to obesity, presumably coming from inflamed adipose tissue.
These differences between T1D and T2D are reflected by significant differences in the cytokine concentration, duration, and milieu.
This review focuses on chronic versus acute cytokine action, cytokine concentrations, and cytokine milieu from the perspective of the pancreatic islet in T2D.
We conclude that new cytokine models may be needed to reflect the pathophysiology of T2D more effectively than what are currently employed.
نمط استشهاد جمعية علماء النفس الأمريكية (APA)
Nunemaker, Craig S.. 2016. Considerations for Defining Cytokine Dose, Duration, and Milieu That Are Appropriate for Modeling Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Research،Vol. 2016, no. 2016, pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1108032
نمط استشهاد الجمعية الأمريكية للغات الحديثة (MLA)
Nunemaker, Craig S.. Considerations for Defining Cytokine Dose, Duration, and Milieu That Are Appropriate for Modeling Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Research No. 2016 (2016), pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1108032
نمط استشهاد الجمعية الطبية الأمريكية (AMA)
Nunemaker, Craig S.. Considerations for Defining Cytokine Dose, Duration, and Milieu That Are Appropriate for Modeling Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2016. Vol. 2016, no. 2016, pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1108032
نوع البيانات
مقالات
لغة النص
الإنجليزية
الملاحظات
Includes bibliographical references
رقم السجل
BIM-1108032
قاعدة معامل التأثير والاستشهادات المرجعية العربي "ارسيف Arcif"
أضخم قاعدة بيانات عربية للاستشهادات المرجعية للمجلات العلمية المحكمة الصادرة في العالم العربي
تقوم هذه الخدمة بالتحقق من التشابه أو الانتحال في الأبحاث والمقالات العلمية والأطروحات الجامعية والكتب والأبحاث باللغة العربية، وتحديد درجة التشابه أو أصالة الأعمال البحثية وحماية ملكيتها الفكرية. تعرف اكثر