Charges and Electromagnetic Radiation as Topological Excitations

الملخص EN

We discuss a model with stable topological solitons in Minkowski space with only three degrees of freedom, the rotational angles of a spatial Dreibein.

This model has four types of solitons differing in two topological quantum numbers which we identify with electric charge and spin.

The vacuum has a two-dimensional degeneracy leading to two types of massless excitations, characterised by a topological quantum number which could have a physical equivalent in the photon number.