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Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Typhoid: Evolution, Prevention, and Its Management
المؤلفون المشاركون
Ahmad, Fridoon Jawad
Akram, Javed
Khan, Arsalan Shamim
Khan, Hassan Ahmed
Gilani, Syed Amir
Akram, Shehla Javed
Mehboob, Riffat
المصدر
العدد
المجلد 2020، العدد 2020 (31 ديسمبر/كانون الأول 2020)، ص ص. 1-7، 7ص.
الناشر
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
تاريخ النشر
2020-05-02
دولة النشر
مصر
عدد الصفحات
7
التخصصات الرئيسية
الملخص EN
Typhoid fever is the result of a human host-restricted Salmonella enteric serotype typhi infection that causes enteric fever.
Around 21 million people contract typhoid annually, with Pakistan’s inhabitants at most risk amongst Asian countries where typhoid remains prevalent.
Decades of indiscriminate antibiotic usage has driven the evolution of multidrug-resistant strains and more recently, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Salmonella enteric serotype typhi.
Current reports of extensively drug-resistant typhoid fever outbreak in Pakistan are not only a major concern for Pakistan but also for health authorities worldwide: intercontinental transmission, spread, and replacement of native strains in neighboring countries and a major impediment to Pakistani health care management.
The WHO records that there are 5274 cases of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid fever out of a total of 8188 total cases of typhoid fever reported in Pakistan.
The last remaining feasible oral antibiotic that XDR typhoid remains susceptible to is azithromycin; this is a cause of major concern.
Additionally, several cases of XDR typhoid fever have also been reported in patients travelling from Pakistan to the USA, UK, and Canada.
This review article attempts to raise the issue of XDR typhoid with respect to its epidemiology, prevention, management, and future outlook and stresses a better understanding of antimicrobial stewardship and general surveillance of the disease.
Although progress is being made to combat XDR typhoid locally, efficient, unified efforts on a national and international scale are required to contain the XDR outbreak before it is no longer manageable and leads us back to the preantibiotic era.
نمط استشهاد جمعية علماء النفس الأمريكية (APA)
Akram, Javed& Khan, Arsalan Shamim& Khan, Hassan Ahmed& Gilani, Syed Amir& Akram, Shehla Javed& Ahmad, Fridoon Jawad…[et al.]. 2020. Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Typhoid: Evolution, Prevention, and Its Management. BioMed Research International،Vol. 2020, no. 2020, pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1135876
نمط استشهاد الجمعية الأمريكية للغات الحديثة (MLA)
Akram, Javed…[et al.]. Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Typhoid: Evolution, Prevention, and Its Management. BioMed Research International No. 2020 (2020), pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1135876
نمط استشهاد الجمعية الطبية الأمريكية (AMA)
Akram, Javed& Khan, Arsalan Shamim& Khan, Hassan Ahmed& Gilani, Syed Amir& Akram, Shehla Javed& Ahmad, Fridoon Jawad…[et al.]. Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Typhoid: Evolution, Prevention, and Its Management. BioMed Research International. 2020. Vol. 2020, no. 2020, pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1135876
نوع البيانات
مقالات
لغة النص
الإنجليزية
الملاحظات
Includes bibliographical references
رقم السجل
BIM-1135876
قاعدة معامل التأثير والاستشهادات المرجعية العربي "ارسيف Arcif"
أضخم قاعدة بيانات عربية للاستشهادات المرجعية للمجلات العلمية المحكمة الصادرة في العالم العربي
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تقوم هذه الخدمة بالتحقق من التشابه أو الانتحال في الأبحاث والمقالات العلمية والأطروحات الجامعية والكتب والأبحاث باللغة العربية، وتحديد درجة التشابه أو أصالة الأعمال البحثية وحماية ملكيتها الفكرية. تعرف اكثر
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