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Synthesis of 2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)-3-hydroxysqualene and Characterization of Its Anti-Inflammatory Effects
المؤلفون المشاركون
Sasaki, Kazunori
Inami, Yuri
Tominaga, Kenichi
Kigoshi, Hideo
Arimura, Takashi
Isoda, Hiroko
المصدر
العدد
المجلد 2020، العدد 2020 (31 ديسمبر/كانون الأول 2020)، ص ص. 1-9، 9ص.
الناشر
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
تاريخ النشر
2020-04-15
دولة النشر
مصر
عدد الصفحات
9
التخصصات الرئيسية
الملخص EN
Squalene (SQ), a natural precursor of many steroids, can inhibit tumor progression and decrease serum cholesterol levels.
However, it is difficult to discern the effect of highly active molecules in the treatment of diseases because not enough active compounds reach the site of pathology in crowded biosystems.
Therefore, it is necessary to design artificial probes that work effectively within crowded systems.
In this study, to facilitate cell penetration, the ethylene glycol moiety (used as a probe) was chemically added to SQ to form 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-hydroxysqualene (HEHSQ).
HEHSQ was prepared from 2,3-epoxysqualene and characterized by Rf, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry.
We then evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of SQ and HEHSQ on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages.
To determine the effect of SQ and HEHSQ on the viability of RAW264.7 cells, an MTT assay was performed.
To quantify the anti-inflammatory effect of SQ and HEHSQ, we measured nitric oxide (NO) production, gene expression, and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and chemokine C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells using an in vitro inflammatory model.
2,3-Epoxysqualene was prepared according to a reported methodology.
The reaction of 2,3-epoxysqualene and ethylene glycol in 2-propanol produced 49% HEHSQ.
MTT results showed that 10 and 100 µg/mL HEHSQ treatment decreased cell viability, whereas SQ treatment (1–100 µg/mL) did not have any effect on viability.
SQ (100 µg/mL) and HEHSQ (1 µg/mL) treatment significantly reduced the production of LPS-stimulated NO and decreased the expression and secretion of proinflammatory TNF-α and CCL2.
Therefore, our results suggested that the anti-inflammatory effects of HEHSQ are 100 times higher than that of unmodified SQ.
To the best of our knowledge, this study has demonstrated for the first time that HEHSQ can be potentially used as a safe alternative treatment to anti-inflammatory drugs.
نمط استشهاد جمعية علماء النفس الأمريكية (APA)
Sasaki, Kazunori& Inami, Yuri& Tominaga, Kenichi& Kigoshi, Hideo& Arimura, Takashi& Isoda, Hiroko. 2020. Synthesis of 2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)-3-hydroxysqualene and Characterization of Its Anti-Inflammatory Effects. BioMed Research International،Vol. 2020, no. 2020, pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1138192
نمط استشهاد الجمعية الأمريكية للغات الحديثة (MLA)
Sasaki, Kazunori…[et al.]. Synthesis of 2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)-3-hydroxysqualene and Characterization of Its Anti-Inflammatory Effects. BioMed Research International No. 2020 (2020), pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1138192
نمط استشهاد الجمعية الطبية الأمريكية (AMA)
Sasaki, Kazunori& Inami, Yuri& Tominaga, Kenichi& Kigoshi, Hideo& Arimura, Takashi& Isoda, Hiroko. Synthesis of 2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)-3-hydroxysqualene and Characterization of Its Anti-Inflammatory Effects. BioMed Research International. 2020. Vol. 2020, no. 2020, pp.1-9.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1138192
نوع البيانات
مقالات
لغة النص
الإنجليزية
الملاحظات
Includes bibliographical references
رقم السجل
BIM-1138192
قاعدة معامل التأثير والاستشهادات المرجعية العربي "ارسيف Arcif"
أضخم قاعدة بيانات عربية للاستشهادات المرجعية للمجلات العلمية المحكمة الصادرة في العالم العربي
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