Research on Extreme Signed Graphs with Minimal Energy in Tricyclic Signed Graphs S(n, n + 2)‎

الملخص EN

A signed graph is acquired by attaching a sign to each edge of a simple graph, and the signed graphs have been widely used as significant computer models in the study of complex systems.

The energy of a signed graph S can be described as the sum of the absolute values of its eigenvalues.

In this paper, we characterize tricyclic signed graphs with minimal energy.