Water-Handling Patterns and Associated Microbial Profiles in relation to Hygiene in Babati Town, Tanzania
المؤلفون المشاركون
Mpolya, Emmanuel A.
Njau, Karoli N.
Tesha, Irene
Machunda, Revocatus
المصدر
Journal of Environmental and Public Health
العدد
المجلد 2019، العدد 2019 (31 ديسمبر/كانون الأول 2019)، ص ص. 1-11، 11ص.
الناشر
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
تاريخ النشر
2019-05-20
دولة النشر
مصر
عدد الصفحات
11
التخصصات الرئيسية
الملخص EN
Introduction.
In rapidly urbanizing centres in Tanzania, water supply infrastructure lags behind the speed of urbanization, affecting water availability and accessibility.
We believe that inhabitants’ access water using various ways which are characterizable and understanding them could inform about the risks to hygiene-related diseases.
This study aimed at characterizing water-handling chains and their microbial profiles in Babati town to inform hygiene education policy and water supply planning.
Methodology.
A cross-sectional study design employing a proportional sampling for each of the 8 wards was conducted between November 2016 and March 2017.
A total of 564 samples of water were collected using the USA EPA procedures from 37 randomly selected households.
Water samples were collected from the common sources of water as well as from the downstream points to multiple storage containers.
Using EPA membrane filtration techniques, two microorganisms were tested: fecal coliforms and Salmonella typhi.
Results.
Three water-handling chains/patterns in Babati town were determined, and they were as follows: (i) untreated-source-to-treated-reservoir-to-households (untrS2trR2HH) chain, (ii) untreated-source-to-untreated-reservoir-to-households (untrS2untrR2HH) chain; (iii) untreated-source-straight-to-households (untrS2HH) chain.
In terms of the microbial profile, the most contaminated water-handling chain was the untreated-source-straight-to-households (untrS2HH).
The number of users in these three chains was not statistically significantly different (p=0.5226), meaning that all people utilized the various chains almost equally, depending on the water situation.
Most households (83%) did not treat their drinking water making those using the untreated-source-to-household chain (untrS2HH) most vulnerable to waterborne diseases.
Conclusion.
Determination of water-handling chains among the household is a novel approach which allows an understanding of the points at which highest fecal loading occurs.
This approach therefore may inform the development of policies in the areas of household hygiene education, drinking water treatment, and water supply planning in urbanized towns in Tanzania and other developing countries.
نمط استشهاد جمعية علماء النفس الأمريكية (APA)
Tesha, Irene& Machunda, Revocatus& Njau, Karoli N.& Mpolya, Emmanuel A.. 2019. Water-Handling Patterns and Associated Microbial Profiles in relation to Hygiene in Babati Town, Tanzania. Journal of Environmental and Public Health،Vol. 2019, no. 2019, pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1174092
نمط استشهاد الجمعية الأمريكية للغات الحديثة (MLA)
Tesha, Irene…[et al.]. Water-Handling Patterns and Associated Microbial Profiles in relation to Hygiene in Babati Town, Tanzania. Journal of Environmental and Public Health No. 2019 (2019), pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1174092
نمط استشهاد الجمعية الطبية الأمريكية (AMA)
Tesha, Irene& Machunda, Revocatus& Njau, Karoli N.& Mpolya, Emmanuel A.. Water-Handling Patterns and Associated Microbial Profiles in relation to Hygiene in Babati Town, Tanzania. Journal of Environmental and Public Health. 2019. Vol. 2019, no. 2019, pp.1-11.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1174092
نوع البيانات
مقالات
لغة النص
الإنجليزية
الملاحظات
Includes bibliographical references
رقم السجل
BIM-1174092
قاعدة معامل التأثير والاستشهادات المرجعية العربي "ارسيف Arcif"
أضخم قاعدة بيانات عربية للاستشهادات المرجعية للمجلات العلمية المحكمة الصادرة في العالم العربي
تقوم هذه الخدمة بالتحقق من التشابه أو الانتحال في الأبحاث والمقالات العلمية والأطروحات الجامعية والكتب والأبحاث باللغة العربية، وتحديد درجة التشابه أو أصالة الأعمال البحثية وحماية ملكيتها الفكرية. تعرف اكثر