Formaldehyde Vapor Concentration in Electronic Cigarettes and Health Complaints of Electronic Cigarettes Smokers in Indonesia
المؤلفون المشاركون
Lestari, Kusuma S.
Humairo, Mika Vernicia
Agustina, Ukik
المصدر
Journal of Environmental and Public Health
العدد
المجلد 2018، العدد 2018 (31 ديسمبر/كانون الأول 2018)، ص ص. 1-6، 6ص.
الناشر
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
تاريخ النشر
2018-07-11
دولة النشر
مصر
عدد الصفحات
6
التخصصات الرئيسية
الملخص EN
Electronic cigarettes regulation in Indonesia has not been set yet.
In the last 4 years the electronic cigarettes have been widely distributed and used in Indonesia.
Electronic cigarettes contain nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerol, liquid flavors, etc.
All ingredients produce vapor when heated.
Vapor and particles from electronic cigarettes affect the human health.
Formaldehyde is known as a product of propylene glycol and glycerol vapor degradation.
Formaldehyde is one of the chemical agents categorized as carcinogen.
The aim of the research was to analyze the identification of formaldehyde vapor concentration and health complaint of electronic cigarettes smoker.
The research was conducted in Surabaya city, Indonesia, from October 2015 to December 2016.
The research used cross-sectional approach.
Sample was obtained by purposive sampling that fulfilled samples inclusion criteria.
The variables were the onset of smoking electronic cigarettes, smoking frequency of electronic cigarettes, formaldehyde vapor concentration, cotinine urine, and health complaint of electronic cigarettes smoker.
The result showed that formaldehyde concentration in six vapors varied while cotinine urine mostly was positive.
It is suggested to educate people about hazard of electronic cigarettes and to conduct further research to identify chemical agent in electronic cigarettes.
نمط استشهاد جمعية علماء النفس الأمريكية (APA)
Lestari, Kusuma S.& Humairo, Mika Vernicia& Agustina, Ukik. 2018. Formaldehyde Vapor Concentration in Electronic Cigarettes and Health Complaints of Electronic Cigarettes Smokers in Indonesia. Journal of Environmental and Public Health،Vol. 2018, no. 2018, pp.1-6.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1184909
نمط استشهاد الجمعية الأمريكية للغات الحديثة (MLA)
Lestari, Kusuma S.…[et al.]. Formaldehyde Vapor Concentration in Electronic Cigarettes and Health Complaints of Electronic Cigarettes Smokers in Indonesia. Journal of Environmental and Public Health No. 2018 (2018), pp.1-6.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1184909
نمط استشهاد الجمعية الطبية الأمريكية (AMA)
Lestari, Kusuma S.& Humairo, Mika Vernicia& Agustina, Ukik. Formaldehyde Vapor Concentration in Electronic Cigarettes and Health Complaints of Electronic Cigarettes Smokers in Indonesia. Journal of Environmental and Public Health. 2018. Vol. 2018, no. 2018, pp.1-6.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1184909
نوع البيانات
مقالات
لغة النص
الإنجليزية
الملاحظات
Includes bibliographical references
رقم السجل
BIM-1184909
قاعدة معامل التأثير والاستشهادات المرجعية العربي "ارسيف Arcif"
أضخم قاعدة بيانات عربية للاستشهادات المرجعية للمجلات العلمية المحكمة الصادرة في العالم العربي
تقوم هذه الخدمة بالتحقق من التشابه أو الانتحال في الأبحاث والمقالات العلمية والأطروحات الجامعية والكتب والأبحاث باللغة العربية، وتحديد درجة التشابه أو أصالة الأعمال البحثية وحماية ملكيتها الفكرية. تعرف اكثر