Prevalence of Heterophoria in Tibetan Grade-One Students: The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study
المؤلفون المشاركون
Su, Han
Fu, Jing
Chen, Weiwei
Meng, Zhaojun
Li, Lei
Dai, Wei
Yao, Yao
المصدر
العدد
المجلد 2020، العدد 2020 (31 ديسمبر/كانون الأول 2020)، ص ص. 1-7، 7ص.
الناشر
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
تاريخ النشر
2020-12-24
دولة النشر
مصر
عدد الصفحات
7
التخصصات الرئيسية
الملخص EN
Introduction.
The study aims to explore the prevalence of heterophoria and associate factors in Tibetan grade-one students.
Methods.
The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study (LCES) is a school-based cohort study.
1942 grade-one students from 7 elementary schools were randomly sampled by stratified cluster sampling.
Ocular examinations were performed in participants, including ocular motility, distance and near visual acuity, cycloplegic autorefraction, and stereoacuity.
The near (33 cm) and distance (6 m) fixation cover test was used to differentiate orthophoria, heterophoria, and heterotropia, and the magnitude of the phoria was measured by the Maddox rod and prisma.
Results.
Of 1856 grade-one students completing all the ocular examinations, 1852 participants finished the ocular alignment test.
The mean age was 6.82 ± 0.46 years (range 6∼10 years); 981 (52.97%) were males, and 871 (47.03%) were females.
The prevalence of phoria was 22.89% (n = 424).
At distance fixation, the prevalence of heterophoria, exophoria, and esophoria was 4.64%, 4.21%, and 0.43% separately, while at near fixation, the prevalence was 22.73%, 22.35%, and 0.38%.
No vertical phoria was detected.
The mean magnitude of heterophoria at near and distance fixation was −7.63 ± 5.15 PD (exo: −7.83 ± 4.91 PD, eso: +5.67 ± 3.61 PD) and −4.84 ± 5.94 PD (exo: −6.26 ± 4.20 PD, eso: +8.13 ± 3.04 PD).
The prevalence of esophoria was associated with hyperopia (OR = 6.38, 95% CI: 1.15–35.28, P = 0.03; OR = 5.42, 95% CI: 1.04–28.24, P = 0.04) and amblyopia (OR = 16.02, 95% CI: 1.81∼141.96, P = 0.01; OR = 11.37, 95% CI: 1.34∼96.52, P = 0.03) at near and distance fixation.
The prevalence of exophoria was associated with myopia at near fixation (OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.47–4.00, P<0.01).
In the near heterophoria group, the proportion of children with abnormal stereoacuity was 23.26% (n = 97), significantly higher (χ2 = 5.70, P = 0.017) than that in orthophoria (17.99%, n = 244).
Conclusions.
In Lhasa, grade-one pupils have a lower prevalence of heterophoria.
Near exophoria was associated with myopia, while esophoria was related to hyperopia and amblyopia both near and distance.
Heterophoria may be one of the affected factors for reducing stereoacuity.
نمط استشهاد جمعية علماء النفس الأمريكية (APA)
Su, Han& Fu, Jing& Chen, Weiwei& Meng, Zhaojun& Li, Lei& Dai, Wei…[et al.]. 2020. Prevalence of Heterophoria in Tibetan Grade-One Students: The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study. Journal of Ophthalmology،Vol. 2020, no. 2020, pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1189908
نمط استشهاد الجمعية الأمريكية للغات الحديثة (MLA)
Su, Han…[et al.]. Prevalence of Heterophoria in Tibetan Grade-One Students: The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study. Journal of Ophthalmology No. 2020 (2020), pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1189908
نمط استشهاد الجمعية الطبية الأمريكية (AMA)
Su, Han& Fu, Jing& Chen, Weiwei& Meng, Zhaojun& Li, Lei& Dai, Wei…[et al.]. Prevalence of Heterophoria in Tibetan Grade-One Students: The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2020. Vol. 2020, no. 2020, pp.1-7.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1189908
نوع البيانات
مقالات
لغة النص
الإنجليزية
الملاحظات
Includes bibliographical references
رقم السجل
BIM-1189908
قاعدة معامل التأثير والاستشهادات المرجعية العربي "ارسيف Arcif"
أضخم قاعدة بيانات عربية للاستشهادات المرجعية للمجلات العلمية المحكمة الصادرة في العالم العربي
تقوم هذه الخدمة بالتحقق من التشابه أو الانتحال في الأبحاث والمقالات العلمية والأطروحات الجامعية والكتب والأبحاث باللغة العربية، وتحديد درجة التشابه أو أصالة الأعمال البحثية وحماية ملكيتها الفكرية. تعرف اكثر