Butler Matrix Frequency Diverse Retrodirective Array Beamforming: An Energy-Efficient Technique for mmWave Networks

الملخص EN

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) networks with the frequency spectrum ranging from 30 GHz (with wavelength 10 mm) to 300 GHz (with wavelength 1 mm), can support massive wireless data in fifth-generation (5G) systems.

Importantly, large colocated antenna elements can be exploited at the base station (BS) to facilitate beam-steering synthesis along the users’ directions.

This paper proposes the Butler matrix (BM) frequency diverse retrodirective array (BM-FDRA) beamforming network at the BS for multiuser communications in mmWave networks.

We utilize the orthogonal feature of the M×M BM with M elements of the FDRA to create directional beams for concurrent transmission towards different users in range-angle locations.

The proposed scheme has the following merits: (a) there is beam-steering orthogonality without beam interferences and (b) there is automatic tracking functionality, i.e., the prior knowledge on the user location is not required by the proposed BM-FDRA at the BS.

The proposed method can serve multiple users concurrently using the beam-steering orthogonality property.

Furthermore, performance metrics such as the multiaccess secrecy sum rate (SSR) model, bit error rate (BER), system capacity, and energy efficiency are examined.

The proposed BM-FDRA scheme achievements are highlighted via simulation results.