مفهوم التشاؤم الدفاعي لدى تدريسي جامعة بغداد

الملخص EN

The defensive pessimism plans a special methods to face the pressures and adverse events and controls the anxiety and tension to achieve goals and reach success and prevents failure .It concerned as a training of the mind towards all different negative results .Such occur in many scientific researches in many foreign countries this conditions , crises ,and present study aimed to build defensive pessimism scale through it to identify its level among the teachers of Baghdad University to achieve its objective prepared researches defensive pessimism scale according to perspective (Norem and Cantor 1989)and to verify the reliability and validity and after the application of the scale on the research sample amounting to( 450) teaching and teaching results showed that defensive pessimism statistically significant and that the teaching and the teachers of Baghdad University, they have a high level of defensive pessimism.