Effect of acidity on the mechanical and physical properties of the manuscripts

الملخص EN

The research deals with the effect of industrial materials and acids on the natural properties of paper.

In it, the fibrous and chemical composition of the paper was addressed and the mechanical properties of the paper were studied in terms of tensile strength, folding strength, force of tearing, as well as the study of physical properties in terms of density, degree of thickness and weight, as well as optical properties in terms of the degree of gloss and opacity, as well as the chemical properties in terms of the degree of viscosity and the degree of polymerization.

Additives during the manufacturing process (chemicals - natural materials) and their effect on the manuscript, Treatment methods and materials, Conditions during formation, and Drying and polishing.

The impact of these substances and treatments on the age of the manuscript and how to avoid the impact of these substances in the future, as well as how to deal with the damage caused by them and the ways in which they are treated, were studied.