علاقة قبيلة زبيد بأشراف الحجاز في عهد مشيخة مالك بن رومي (873-913 ه)‎

الملخص EN

The present study aims at showing the relationship of Zabeed Tribe during the reign of Malik bin Roomi Az-Zabeedi with the Ashraaf of Hijaz in the late ninth century and the beginning of the tenth century A.H, based on the sources compiled during the reign of the Ashraaf; a period that did not receive sufficient studies by historians.

The researcher divided his study into four sections: introduction, preamble, the main topic of the study (the relationship of Zabeed Tribe of in the era of the Shaikh Malik bin Roomi Az-Zabeedi to the Ashraaf of Hijaz), and finally the conclusion.

In the preamble section, the author began with a brief history of the Ashraaf since their arrival to Hejaz, pointing to their ruling of Mecca during the second Abbasid State, the Fatimid State, the Ayyubids State, until the modern era when King Abdul Aziz Al Saud took it in 1344 A.H.

Moreover, the researcher pointed out to the intervention of Bani Rasool, the rulers of Yemen, in the affairs of Mecca during the days of the Ashraaf.

Besides, the preamble included some information about Zabeed Tribe and its branches and its affiliation with the Harb Tribe (One of the largest tribes in the area of the Two Holy Mosques).

The main chapter of the study dealt with the biography of Malik bin Roomi as a sheikh of Zabeed Tribe, that settled "Khulais" area between Mecca and Medina, and the disputes and battles that happened between them and the Ashraaf, especially during the era of Sharif Mohammed bin Barakat.

Then the author presented the reconciliation between them as well as the intermarriage between Sharif Mohammed bin Barakat, his son Ahmed, and other Ashraaf and between Malik bin Roomi and other seniors of Zabeed Tribe who were affiliated to him.

The author touched on the role of Zabeed Tribe in the family conflict of the Ashraaf, especially between Sharif Barakat bin Mohammed, who took after his father; Mohammed bin Barakat and his brother Hazza’ bin Mohammed, which was joined by his brother Ahmed bin Mohammed, son-in-law of Malik bin Roomi until Sharif Ahmed became the governor of Mecca.

Sharif Ahmed continued to rule until the followers of his brother Humidha bin Mohammed killed him.

After that came the period of their brother Sharif Qaitbay bin Mohammed, until the decisive battle of Suwaiq in Yanbu between Khayer Bek, the Mameluke leader, and Yahya bin Sabu’, who was supported by Malik bin Roomi.

Qaitbay continued to chase Malik bin Roomi and his followers until he was able to kill him with three of his sons in Al-Rowha near Madinah in 913 A.H.

The most important findings were summarized in the conclusion, of which is that Zabeed Tribe -one of Harb tribes- lived its golden period during the period of Malik ibn Roomi.

Such a period ended with his killing, but the tribe’s wide reputation was due to its relationship with the Ashraaf of Hijaz.