الحروب الصليبية و تهديد أمن القوافل التجارية الإسلامية (490-690ه -1097-1291م)‎ : دراسة في النهب و اللصوصية و ضبط الممارسات الأمنية

الملخص EN

Commercial security was one of the most important problems that faced commercial caravans during the Crusades era.

During this period the Levant underwent political, economic and social conditions that resulted in a state of insecurity due to wars and the lack of political and geographical unity in the region.

Each party endeavoured to control the most important pathways and vital roots.

Therefore, there was disruption in commercial traffic and an increase in banditry on roads and routes that threaten the merchants during their movements across the borders.

Wars were not the only risks that the merchants were facing, but they also faced hostile acts by confiscating their goods and looting their money.

In addition, they were captored.

This situation obliged the Islamic authorities to control security practices and intensify procedures in order to ensure the safety and security of their commercial caravans in the areas that were intended by merchants outside the borders of the state.

They were able to create a peaceful environment that determines the relations between Muslims and the Crusaders through truces and treaties that guarantee the safety and continuity of the commercial traffic flow.

However, these truces were not beneficial because of their permanent and explicit breach which necessitated the establishment of other security measures including police, guards, and customs.

Therefore, this study is dealing with an important aspect in the economic history of the Crusades era and tracking the phenomenon of commercial caravans' security.

It also highlights the efforts made by the authorities to ensure security.

It also identifies the extent of these measures` effectiveness in the flow of commercial movements during bloody confrontations and wars.

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