المتغيرات الاجتماعية و الفيزيقية المرتبطة برفض السلطة و عدم الطاعة : دراسة مقارنة بين الذكور و الإناث في بعض المدارس الرسمية للغات

الملخص EN

The researchers seek to achieve several aims by implementing this research which most important is to identify the reasons leading to the emergence of the problem of refusing authority and disobedience and the role of the social and physical variables in emergence of such problem and its consequences in the educational process; added to that, the family and school problems may result.

The research also drives at identifying the role of parents as well as the occupational role of the social worker in meeting refusal of authority and disobedience.

This study counts on the descriptive-analytical method using some tools such as, a two-form questionnaire by collecting data from students and experts (study sample).

The researcher uses more than one theory (theory of social stress – theory of ecological system – basic theoretical aspects in environmental psychology – theories of explaining socialization process) these theories serve the topic of the study.

The research sample consists of primary school students and 1^st grade preparatory stages whose ages range from 6 - 12 years old, divided into (50% males – 50% females).

The second part of the sample consists of experts of university professors, teachers, and parents to benefit from their experiences.

The research comes to several results, most important are: The physical variable is accepted for males in emergence of the problem; while females' results reject the physical variable.

Regarding home or school environment, the role of the physical variable is rejected for males.

For females, the physical variable is also rejected while the social variable is rejected for males and females.

Concerning the social variable for home, it is accepted by males and by females, so, the role of the social variable is approved for both sexes as affecting the research problem.

Regarding the role of the family and parents for meeting the problem, it is approved there is a need for using proper socialization approaches in dealing with children at home.

The social worker's role is approved in his cooperation with the teaching staff for meeting the research problem at school.

The most important recommendations are crystallized in that there should be early awareness and enlightenment for parents through appropriate means of socialization of a child starting since pregnancy for its significance in dealing with a child.

This can be achieved through specialized centers for motherhood and childhood care.

Moreover, the Ministry of Education should hold training courses for teachers to train them how to understand characteristics of each age stage and how to deal with such a stage depending upon understanding of needs based on a scientific basis; besides train them also how to give orders to students in a way avoiding refusal or clash between them so as not to emerge the