الاستقلال النفسي لدى طلبة المرحلة الإعدادية

الملخص EN

The current study aims to find out: First: The psychological separation of the junior high school pupils.

Second: The psychological separation of the study sample according to the following variables: 1- The gender variables (male-female), 2- The specialization (scientific-humanities, 3- The grade variables (fourth-fifth), 4- The parents’ academic achievement variable (elementary - intermediate – preparatory- bachelor - higher studies), and 5- The parents’ economic level variable (weak - medium-high).

To achieve the study's aims, the researcher adopted (Hoffman 1984) theory of psychological separation , the researcher adopted Hoffman's (1984) theory to construct a psychological separation scale.

and the construct validity was verified with the internal consistency index of the Psychological separation scale (0,86) and Alpha Cronbach (0.87).

The researcher administered the two scales in their final form to (400) male and female intermediate school pupils in Baghdad.

The study has got a number of results: 1- Psychological separation is low among intermediate school pupils.

2- Identifying of psychological separation of the research sample according to the following variables: A.

There are statistically significant differences in psychological separation according to the gender variable and in favor of (males) in the level of psychological separation.

B.

There are no statistically significant differences according to the parent academic achievement variable (elementary, intermediate, preparatory bachelor, and higher studies) and according to the stage variable (fourth-fifth) and according to the specialization variable (scientific - humanities) and according to the variable of the parents’ economic level (weak - medium- High) in the level of psychological separation Recommendations 1- The necessity of holding fathers' and mothers’ councils to highlight the importance of parents' role in their children's lives, taking into consideration the pupils' independent opinion in making decisions from the simplest to the most difficult in advance.

2- Emphasizing the educational counselor's role inside the school to help students solve their problems without resorting to parents.

The suggestions 1.

Conduct a contribution study to the university students and then compare it with private universities.

2.

Conduct a study to follow the concept of psychological separation of parents.