بدايات الدور السياسي لمثقفي إيران في الحركة الدستورية الإيرانية 1905-1911

الملخص EN

At the beginning of the twentieth century, Iran witnessed one of its most important political events in its modern history، represented by the constitutional revolution of 1905-1911.

A coalition of merchants، intellectuals، clergymen، artisans، and other segments of society participated in the revolution.

Despite the differences in the principles that led these groups to participate in the revolution، they shared a central objective: the necessity of restricting the absolute power of the Shah، For intellectuals، in particular، who were inspired by Western ideologies such as patriotism، liberalism and secularism، they believed that the establishment of constitutional and legal institutions would foster a strong and prosperous society along the lines of contemporary European societies.

The political and national awareness of the intellectuals during this period has taken a cultural and literary approach that has resulted in the emergence of literary and cultural associations that، within their means and under clandestine circumstances، tried to engage in political activity.

Thus، it was able to approach the organized revolutionary work and became the nucleus of the political parties that emerged in a later period.

Their role was clearly and influential in the Iranian constitutional revolution.

Several factors contributed to the growing political and cultural awareness among the intellectuals، especially print and the press.

At this stage، printing contributed to the intellectual and cultural movement in Iran through various types of publications and works، to the leading figures and pioneers in modern and religious sciences.

The press also played an active role) Through the transfer of ideas، sciences، literature and cultures from different countries، and was published on the pages of modern articles of the pioneers of thought، modern renaissance، as well as carried out by the local press، which was then the nucleus of the Iranian press later.

The intellectuals did not emerge because of an emergency، In society، but they were part of all.

The crystallization and growth of the educated class was not in isolation from the network of relations that deeply interacted within Iranian society during that historic era.

In light of these relations and phenomena associated with them، represented by the foreign challenge coming from the West، political tyranny and economic and social.

backwardness of Iranian society determine the influential and active role of intellectuals in the constitutional revolution in Iran