نظرة على الأوضاع العامة في العراق أبان الاحتلال المغولي 656 ه

الملخص EN

The last decade from the first half from the 7lh H.

century, the I3'h century A.

d.

witnessed an increase in the Mongolian danger.

Hence the Mongols were planning to attack the eastern Islamic countries, especially the Abbasid caliphate and its center Baghdad.

This was fulfilled after they could destroy the Khawarism state.

To Have a look upon the political conditions during that the period is essential so as to understand and know the political conditions that played an important role in the distractions ofthe Abbasid caliphate by the Mongols in 656 H - 1258 A.

D..

The Abbasid state was growing weaker and weaker because of foreign interferences and because of its being form in to small states (wilayat).

in fact ،he Abbasids were controlling only a limited area from Iraq including Baghdad, and some neighboring eities such as Hilla, Tikreet and Arbil.

Meanwhil ،lie Mongols were attacking Iran and progressing westwards forwards Baghdad, In safari 656 H.

the Mongols were able to enter Baghdad and kill the caliph AL- Musta’sim - bi - llah.

This occupation of Baghdad made Iraq lose its independence and become a state under the rule of elkhani was established by the Mongols in Iran in 657 H.

After the Mongolian occupation Iraq faced a hard dark life when it had to confront challenges politically, culturally and nationally, Through this modest research we tried to throw light on the political conditions during that period and the effect on the economic condition in Iraq on one hand, and then the effect on the intercepted conditions on the other hand.