الأوضاع الجيوسياسية في المشرق الإسلامي أبان التغلغل الصليبي خلال القرن 16 م

الملخص EN

Geopolitical relations in the Levant were characterized by conflict and stampede for sectarian, strategic and economic reasons due to the Portuguese crowding of Islamic kingdoms in the world trade movement and its monopoly most often, which led to the demise of the star of a great power such as the Mamluk state, which for some time controlled the gate of eastern trade crossing into Europe and controlled its arteries, where it fell at the hands of the Ottomans due to the decline of the Ottoman tide from Europe and the transformation of its islamic orient to protect it from the crusader harassment supposing against the incompetent Portuguese Islamic kingdoms militarily and stand In the face of the Safavid tide seeking to spread Shi'ism in the Sunni world.