الإمام جعفر بن محمد الصادق (ت 148 ه)‎ و التأسيس للمنهج الافتراضي و التعليلي في النحو العربي

الملخص EN

The research looks closely at foundational and leading topic which was created by Imam Al-Sadig (pbuh), and which scholars have not dealt with before.

He put the methodological bases of sciences founded on consideration, reflection and looking for the reasons underlying the observed phenomena.

A human should not be content with only what he sees and hears but he has to reveal the system behind it.

As far as the area of grammar is concerned, we have noted that Imam Sadig’s (PBUH) words and scientific guidelines contributed effectively to the evolution of the grammar of Al-Khalil and Sibawayh.

This topic was referred to when Imam Sadig dictated it to his fellow Al-Mufadel Bin Omar Ja'fi, and was known as Tawhyd Al-Mufadel.

Imam Sadig’s methodology was reflected in two levels: first level: the total observation and the hypothetical feature associated with it when he used simile to refer to the house as a complete structure.

level II: constructional or compositional structure which refers to how things are and how their parts are stretched and their horizontal or vertical interrelationships.

Sibawayh criticized the grammarians because of their contentment in form and declension.

Thus, the pioneering methodology must be acknowledged to Imam Sadig and then his student, Al-Khalil who had an impact in the creation of a new course in science of grammar, and its theories, especially with Sibawayh.

It is revealed that the foundations of the transition to a new stage was caused by factors within the environment in which the Arabic grammar was created and evolved, and refutes the claim that it was caused by external factors which affected the creation of this science and the direction of its paths