مناهج المستشرقين في تناول الحوادث الكبرى في عصر الخلفاء الراشدين : نماذج مختارة دراسة و تحليل

الملخص EN

The era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs included many incidents and accidents that can be classified as major accidents with regard to their results, such as the sworn allegiance ofAbu Bakr, may God be pleased with him, the Islamic conquests that were in the era ofOmar bin Al-Khattab, the sedition that Muslims lived after Othman, may God be pleased with him, and the conflict that took place during the succession of Ali bin Aby Taleb, which historians have called this period the Great Sedition.

These incidents occupied Muslims more than others, and they still give them great attention and subject them to research, study and investigation.

That period attracted the attention of the Orientalists, so they wrote about it as the most disputed incidents among Muslims, so they wrote a lot about it according to their own approaches, mastered their presentation, and succeeded in winning over a large number of Muslims to them and pushing them to believe in their ideas and visions.

Anyone who reads what the Orientalists wrote about Islam and Islamic history in general and the history of the Rightly Guided Caliphate era and the great events that occurred in it in particular, finds that most of their writings almost emanate from one source and start from one standpoint, where they formed an opinion about it that was almost one they considered an objective scientific approach according to their points of view.

However, this approach largely lacks a sound scientific methodology, and although some of them tried to impart some objectivity, methodology and moderation, which was faced with violent criticism and a fierce campaign of distortion by the fanatical and biased majority of Orientalists to discourage others from their opinions.

Therefore, despite the different names of what they considered methodologiesas we mentioned in this research, they are nothing more than a multifaceted case of one currency, written based on hostile attitudes towards Islam and Muslims in the different oriental countries, to be circulated among Muslims and in their towns and languages mostly.

Hence, the aim of this research is to introduce the methodologies adopted by the orientalists in their approach to the topic of our research.

The importance of this research lies in the interest of many Muslims in Orientalism in a way that can affect the understanding and comprehension of Muslims of what the orientalists have raised about these incidents, and what may lead to it including the weakness of the will to confront, which may lead to the activity of the orientalist movement with modern and contemporary means and tools more powerful on the effect of those that were previously used.

The most important findings of the research were that all orientalists based their opinions on an ignorance of the chain of narrators, which is the best method for writing about the events of this age, and they were led by passion and hatred, and deliberately conveyed everything that exists in Islamic history and its incidents, and presented the history of the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphate on the basis that it is a history of conflict between the Companions, the followers, and others, a struggle over the caliphate, a struggle over the person of the caliph, and a struggle over conquests.

The most important recommendations were the earnest endeavor by all Islamic authorities and institutions concerned with the study and research in Orientalism, to establish a research information system and network specialized in this field, as well as finding a Muslim intellectual moderation that does not deny the scientific efforts made by orientalists in paying attention to the Islamic heritage, and does not compromise its Islamic principles to understand the essence of Orientalism and refute its suspicions