Internal debt options during the two double shocks and its impact on foreign reserve in Iraq

العناوين الأخرى

خيارات الدين الداخلي خلال الصدمتين المزدوجتين و اثرها في الاحتياطي الاجنبي في العراق

المؤلفون المشاركون

Laftah, Hasan Hazim
Jawad, SajaFadil

المصدر

Journal of Economics and Administrative Science

العدد

المجلد 28، العدد 131 (31 مارس/آذار 2022)، ص ص. 119-132، 14ص.

الناشر

جامعة بغداد كلية الإدارة و الاقتصاد

تاريخ النشر

2022-02-28

دولة النشر

العراق

عدد الصفحات

14

التخصصات الرئيسية

الاقتصاد و التجارة

الموضوعات

الملخص EN

The research aims at a statement Internal Debt options during shocks and the impact of this borrowing in the volume of the foreign reserve, using induction and deduction with available data analysis.

During the period (2004-2013) did not require the use of borrowing across (financial institutions, discounted transfers, bonds); it was only sufficient by transfer with commercial banks that can finance of temporary budget deficits: rose and decline of volume of foreign reserve according to the changes of oil prices and the volume of purchases and sales of the Central Bank of Iraq.

Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) has significantly contributed to Internal Debt through bond and discounted transfers in the secondary market; thus, funding the public budget and sustaining the momentum of battles during the first double shock (2014-2017), which reflected how it is negatively affected the volume of foreign reserve, in other words, reduction the proportion of foreign assets to local assets.

The second double crisis (2020) reduced the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar against the US dollar, which was reflected at high prices; inflation reached (5.6) at the end of the first half of 2020, which means adopting a new choice to finance the budget deficit.

This means that there is an inverse relationship between the volume of foreign reserve and internal debt, where decrease volume of foreign reserve during two double shocks

نمط استشهاد جمعية علماء النفس الأمريكية (APA)

Laftah, Hasan Hazim& Jawad, SajaFadil. 2022. Internal debt options during the two double shocks and its impact on foreign reserve in Iraq. Journal of Economics and Administrative Science،Vol. 28, no. 131, pp.119-132.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1339969

نمط استشهاد الجمعية الأمريكية للغات الحديثة (MLA)

Laftah, Hasan Hazim& Jawad, SajaFadil. Internal debt options during the two double shocks and its impact on foreign reserve in Iraq. Journal of Economics and Administrative Science Vol. 28, no. 131 (Mar. 2022), pp.119-132.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1339969

نمط استشهاد الجمعية الطبية الأمريكية (AMA)

Laftah, Hasan Hazim& Jawad, SajaFadil. Internal debt options during the two double shocks and its impact on foreign reserve in Iraq. Journal of Economics and Administrative Science. 2022. Vol. 28, no. 131, pp.119-132.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-1339969

نوع البيانات

مقالات

لغة النص

الإنجليزية

الملاحظات

Includes bibliographical references : p. 130-131

رقم السجل

BIM-1339969