الوجود و الماهية في علم الكلام

الملخص EN

The issue of existence and essence is one of the important issues in theology; because existence is an intellectual problem.

Though this issue is obvious, it is also vague, so it has occupied thinkers throughout the ages, as it is the starting point for every philosophical thought or doctrine in belief.

Some have approved it, while some others denied it, and there are those who approve olute existence.

Some thinkers said that it is self-evident that does not need to be defined or has evidence established.

Others said it needs definition and evidence.

Some assured that it is impossible to perceive the Existence although they admit it and set the evidence for that.

It also dealt with the essence as it is moral common with some theologians, and as it is a verbal common to others.

I further discussed it in terms of dividing it into external and mental.

Not everyone agrees on mental existence, but often those who believe in olute existence, further believe in mental existence, while each party has evidence to defense of their opinion.

Philosophers and scholars of theology differed in the relationship between existence and the possible.

Some of them argue that existence is the appointed Essence like Alash'ari, and some of them argue that Existence is more than the essence in the possible only, such as the philosophers, and some of them argue that existence is more than the essence in the duty and the possible, such as Alrazi.

Each opinion has its evidences and reason for their opinion.

The research examined all these issues through presentation and analysis.