الصراعات الدولية و الإقليمية على الغاز الطبيعي بمنطقة شرق المتوسط (2009-2019)‎

الملخص EN

This paper studies the impact of natural gas discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean on conflicts in the region from 2009 to 2019.

The paper is divided into three sections.

The first discusses the background of the Eastern Mediterranean Region; the definition, the strategic importance, the historical background, energy resources, and the regional characteristics including the maritime borders and disputes.

The second section sheds light on the regional and international actors in the energy conflict in the Eastern Mediterranean.

International actors are the United States, the European Union and Russia.

The regional actors are Egypt, Turkey, and Israel.

As for the third section, it aimed to analyze the main topics that reflect the energy conflict in the Eastern Mediterranean.

The first topic is the network of alliances and counter-alliances in the region, which were identified in five groups of trilateral and bilateral relations, where the energy field played a vital role in forming: relations between Egypt, Cyprus and Greece, relations between Israel, Cyprus and Greece, Egyptian-Israeli relations, Turkish-Israeli relations and relations between Turkey and the Libyan Government of National Accord.

The second topic is the different routes of exporting natural gas from gas fields in the Eastern Mediterranean to global markets, and the problems it provokes, whether those related to pipelines or gas liquefaction and shipping.