التخلص من العفن الأسود السام المتسبب عن الفطرStachybotrys chartarum (Ehrenb.)‎ Hughes في المنازل باستخدام مستخلص تفل العنب كبديل عن المبيدات الفطرية الكيميائية

الملخص EN

Many cellulolytic saprophytic fungi cause molds in buildings and homes that suffer from high humidity, which may sometimes be associated with health problems in humans and animals.

In 2015, black mold was found in a house in Sweida governorate in southern Syria, and some members of the family had respiratory problems and skin ulcers.

Due to the dangerous effect of fungicides, this study aimed to isolate and identify the fungus and test the efficacy of grape pomace extract (GPE) as an alternative to fungicides to remove toxic black mold from walls in homes.

The results showed that the toxic fungi Stachybotrys chartarum (Ehrenb.) Hughes was the cause of black mold that produced a variety of macrocyclic trichothecenes.

The relationship between the black mold and skin ulcers was also demonstrated by isolating the fungus from the affected area.

The results also showed high efficacy of GPE in inhibiting fungal growth in PDA medium, where the inhibition rate reached 80.2 % at 10 % extract concentration and 100 % at concentrations of 15 and 20 %.

Gypsum slices were treated with different concentrations of GPE, and artificially inoculated with a spore suspension of S.

chartarum 24 h later.

The covered area with black mold significantly decreased with increasing of the extract concentration, where it was 75% and 45% at the concentrations of 2.5 and 5% compared to 80% in control and 20% at 10% extract concentration after three months of treatment.

No growth of black mold fungus was observed within six months at a 15% extract concentration.

Similar results were obtained when one of the walls on which the black mold was found in the house was well cleaned and treated with 15% GPE, where the black mold was not observed from December 2015 to October 2016.

The present study showed the possibility of using the GPE as a safe alternative to chemical fungicides in the treatment of indoor walls to prevent the growth of toxic black mold in houses.

This is the first report of S.

chartarum in Syria to the best of our knowledge.

This study is also the first to use plant extracts to remove black mold in homes as an alternative to pesticides.