هجرة يهود أوروبا الشرقية إلى فلسطين في الفترة من 1882-1948م و أثرها السياسي : دراسة في الجغرافية التاريخية السياسية

الملخص EN

This study investigates the concept of the so called Eastern Europe region and identifies the political significance of countries in the region, namely; Poland, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union.

This geographical area was considered the home of 70% of the world's Jews in 1880, therefore, it was the main source of Jewish immigration to Palestine in the period 1882-1948.

In fact, this migration came as a response to religious, security and economic factors, as well as the result of the confluence of the interests of European colonial powers, especially Britain with the interests of the Jews.

The study points to an apparent increase of this migration at the end of the 19th century and then the big increase in numbers after World War I, because Palestine became a British Mandate area.

Therefore, the new case supported the establishment of a Jewish homeland in land of Palestine and facilitated their migration to it .

In addition, the study highlighted the large proportion of immigrants from Eastern Europe in the period from 1882 to 1948; it reached 84% of the total Jewish immigrants to Palestine in this period.

Those immigrants came to Palestine through seven different wavelengths; two of them happened before the First World War, and three of them got in the interwar period, and the sixth deceived during World War II, and the latest wave happened in the period between the end of World War II and the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948.

The study showed that 90% of immigrants from Eastern Europe came from four countries; Poland, which gave them 42% of the total, then Russia about 26%, Germany 13%, followed by Romania 10.1%.

And the rest of the ratio made from Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia.

Finally, the study shows the political impact of the migration of the Jews of Eastern Europe; where they had great political influence in goal; to provide the human element necessary for the establishment of the State of Israel, this is the item that Zionism was keen to complete it before the proclamation of the state.

In addition, the large political role played by the leaders of these migrations in the entity and its leadership, it was found that 80% of prominent politicians in the period following the declaration of Israel from 1948 to 1966 were immigrants from Eastern Europe.

Then they are the ones who founded and led the main party Mapai, which led the political life in Israel in the early years of statehood.