Legal frame of nuclear and radiological programs in general and the Egyptian program in particular : part 1. nuclear and radiological programs in general

الملخص EN

Nuclear and radiological programs are the backbone of the measure of the progress of countries at present.

almost all developed countries have integrated nuclear and radiological programs, and even developing countries seek to possess this technology to catch up with progress.

especially with regard to third-party compensation in the event of nuclear accidents, it is noted that any accident or event, whether nuclear or radiological, does not affect only the country in which the incident occurred, but all the countries of the world affected by it.

the IAEA is also setting standards for nuclear and radiological security and safety to ensure the rational use of this technology.

the current work deals with the activities of nuclear and radiological programs in two parts.

part one is about nuclear and radiological programs in general, and part two is about the Egyptian nuclear program in particular.

reactor applications represent an important part of the nuclear and radiation programs.

the use nuclear reactors includes several purposes, the most important of which are heat generation, either for electricity generation at nuclear plants, for domestic heating, for desalination, for operating submarines or to push nuclear missiles.

this is in addition to converting elements to others such as plutonium production (often for use in nuclear weapons or uranium 233), or Producing various radioactive isotopes (e.g.

to make smoke detectors and other isotopes, such as cobalt 60, used to sterilize foods and other products), and scientific research, testing and education.

regulatory control of radiation facilities is the basic international standards for protection against ionizing radiation.

radioactive waste sources vary depending on the type of manufacturing processes that result from such waste.

nuclear fuel transfers are in line with the best practices and directives issued by global regulatory bodies and the international atomic energy agency (IAEA), which develops a special guidance for the transportation of nuclear fuel, focusing on the importance of overseeing transfers of new and consumer nuclear fuels.