أثر النزعة العقلية عند المعتزلة في آراء كل من جمال الدين الأفغاني (ت 1897 م)‎ و محمد عبده (ت 1905 م)‎ الكلامية

الملخص EN

There is no doubt that the mental tendency is clear in Islam ; the holy Quran called for the realization of the mind, and warned of its importance and status ; it is a tool for human contemplation, contemplation, and consideration ; rather, the holy Quran has adopted the rational approach as a method for calling and responding to the violators, and this tendency was evident among the mutazilites, through their opinions that elevate the rank of reason and its precedence over transmission, and it can be said that they are the pioneers of rational thinking in Islam, and the impact of this mental tendency of the mutazilites refers to some men of modern Islamic thought, such as : Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and Imam Muhammad Abduh, through the theological and innovative opinions of each of them.

Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and Imam Muhammad Abdu al-Kalamiyya ; due to the mental activity caused by this tendency, society renewed its intellectual activity at a time when stagnation and imitation dominated minds.