Investigating the moderating role of employees' leadership style expectations on the relationship between actual leadership style used and performance levels. an empirical study on the egyptian private sector pre and during covid pandemic

الملخص EN

In this paper we are attempting to test the impact of employees' expectations of administers leadership style as a moderating factor on their performance levels.

Also, can leaders close the gap between these expectations and their actual delivery of leadership style.

The study has been conducted on the private sector in Egypt.

Twelve organizations representing various sectors have been studied.

Our population was 1550 employee, and a disproportionate stratified random sample has been used.

Only 350 sample units have been correctly submitted.

The study is a comparative longitudinal study, comparing the responses of both leaders and employees in the time duration just before covid and during covid pandemic.

The paper constructed three main hypotheses for investigation in both timings.

SPSS statistical tool has been used to analyze the data.

We managed to reject the impact of leadership style when used as a transactional one to positively impact the employees' performance.

However, we accepted that employees' expectancy acts as a moderating variable and also leaders can close the gap between expectations and actual application of the intended leadership style.

This study is supposed to be one of a kind regarding understanding the changes that happened in organizational leadership styles due to covid.

And the paper concluded that organizations are going towards applying the concepts of Agile leadership more than other leadership styles in order to achieve better results and versatilely manage organizations.