أبو الريحان محمد بن أحمد البيروني الخوارزمي (ت 440 هـ-1048 م)‎ : الرحالة الجغرافي

الملخص EN

This research deals with the most prominent Mulim thinkers of all time until his era was named after him.

he is the encyclopedic scientists Abi al Rayhan al Biruni al Khwarizmi who combined several sciences of his translator.

we focused on his scientific efforts in Islamic geography and literature in the medieval period during the end of the fourth century AH.

and the first half of the fifth century AH corresponding to the tenth and eleventh centuries AD.

he lived two periods of his politically troubled life but was scientifically and intellectually prosperous.

in the first period of Khwarizmshahi rule where the turbulent political circumstances compelled him to make several trips in the region beyond the river and Khorasan but in the second period when he fell in the captivity of sultan Mahmoud Ghaznawi when Khwarizm annexed his capital Ghazni.

he was appointed to him in his conquest of Northern India taking advantage of his time to complete his scientific research in several special fields including geographical and historical research.

and he stormed the field of translation from the original sources of the Hindu scriptures.

his scientific trips produced the largest encyclopedias on the civilization geography history of India religions culture calendars geographical and astronomical sites medicine pharmacy jewels and other research fields in which he is devoted as an encyclopedic scientist.