التنقيب على الآثار و تهريبها في التشريعات العربية لحماية الآثار : دراسة مقارنة لبعض دول المغرب و المشرق العربي

الملخص EN

International and national efforts continue to achieve sustainable development goals on several fronts, and they touch on many areas, and cultural properties of aesthetic value play in their form, colors, and contrast; which carries within it a valuable culture and heritage from the past of peoples who made civilization, and which plays an important role in pushing it forward, and that the aim of this study is the realization that heritage can no longer remain limited to a negative role in preserving the past; rather, it should provide tools and frameworks to assist sustainable development.

Among the most pressing concerns within these new challenges, it has become necessary to understand the importance of the changing role of heritage and its industry, and the contribution that sustainable use of heritage can make to a country's economy.

As a result of the existence of major phenomena such as globalization, population growth, pressure for sustainable development, political instability, and armed conflicts, especially in the Arab region, there has been talk about the relationship between the strategy of conservation and sustainable development, how to form synergies between social, economic, and cultural development and conservation strategies, and how to identify new, more urgent roles.

As a step of great importance that expresses an echo, in response to this, it is necessary to increase the concerted international, Arab, and national efforts to protect it; As a common heritage of humanity and an important economic resource, it is the same as protecting civilians, especially from the effects of war, especially in the countries where these properties exist, to put an end to the encroachments that affect them or may affect them.

In order to preserve it for future generations, the competent authorities have been keen to spread archaeological awareness among citizens, which translates into the care and care necessary for the impact; it is one of the criteria of nations' culture and civilization, which requires the development of a criminal policy that emphasizes and emphasizes the axis of criminalizing aggression against them, determining the crimes that occurred and affecting the impact, then determining the deterrent punishment for that