تطور المنهج في التاريخ : من الفترة القديمة إلى المرحلة المعاصرة

الملخص EN

The production of knowledge in the field of history is considered a social necessity, as evidenced by the collective efforts of societies to investigate and understand their past.

historical research helps societies comprehend their present and chart a course for the future.

history studies human history as a product of a cumulative series of events that are often disjointed, with chance playing a role in the development of human history.

on the other hand, historical research remains a gateway that reveals the existence of regular laws that govern the course of events in human history.

from this perspective, this work will provide a chronological overview of the development of the historical method since ancient times, starting with the greek period where the foundations of historical thought were laid, and ending with the current contemporary era.

the work will also shed light on the developments that have occurred on two levels in historical studies: the cognitive level and the methodological level.