الاستلزام الحواري في فن التوقيعات

الملخص EN

Several perspectives are considered in pragmatics to understand the intended meaning from the text as delivered by the speaker.

this study focuses on one of these perspectives which is conversational analysis, which shows the speaker's ability to communicate his intended meanings indirectly, by implying a meaning beyond what is explicitly stated and such meaning is entailed by the situation, context and everything that is common between the speaker and the addressee to perform the process of communication and understanding in the best way.

this research chooses the art of replying to correspondences by caliphs as a blog for application, and adopted the pragmatic theory represented in the principles that Grice considered as a basis for analysis, with a focus on the conversational co-operative principle.