التنوير الفلسفي في ظل الدولة المدنية والنظام العلماني كحل، كمنقذ من جحيم الطائفية وتلبية لحاجة تاريخية من منظور هاشم صالح

الملخص EN

Most of the crisis and conflicts in the Arab-Islamic world such as underdevelopment, extremism, terrorism, and the tendency to violence of all kinds resulting in tragic massacres, sectarianism and partisanship, all of these have made rational criticism ab inevitable necessity to find solutions and exits out of this dark tunnel based on a culture of intolerance, rejection and atonement of the other.

hence, the criticism of the heritage or rather it's re-understanding, according to the Syrian intellectual Hashem Saleh, was very necessary to overcome the crisis of the Arab world, and the sectarian wars known as ISIS and the Arab spring in general.

the Arab world, and the sectarian wars known as ISIS and the Arab spring in general.

according to Mr.

Hashem Saleh, there are two main reasons for wars, violence and destruction: our wrong and narrow understanding of Islam and its instructions, and the Arabs' illusion that they possess the divine truth on the one hand.

on the other hand, Muslim Arabs understand secularism as atheism and therefore disrespect the other' freedom of belief, which necessarily leads to justifying the practice of violence against the other as a legitimate right.

accordingly, Mr.

Hashem Saleh believes that it is necessary to have what is known as the historical awakening in the Arab world through deep archaeological research in search of the roots of our beliefs, as well as abandoning our empty methodology, which deludes us as being the center of the world, through our correct understanding of the Islamic religion and its instructions.

most of the sectarian wars we are witnessing today are due to the wrong understanding of the Islamic religion.

and in order to establish peace among the Arab people, it is necessary to adopt the secular approach based on the principle that "every religious citizen is necessarily a citizen, but not every citizen is necessarily religious".

therefore, Mr.

Hashem Saleh went to the need to adopt what is known as a civil state based on freedom and citizenship, under the slogan "religion is for god, and the homeland is for all".