The effectiveness of an educational program according to visual thinking networks in the achievement of English language among fourth grade preparatory students

الملخص EN

Legislation of laws is one of the important achievements of civilized societies, and ancient Iraq has a long and distinguished history in this field, and it had an early interest in laws and the emergence of the oldest legislation in the ancient world, which was characterized by the maturity of its legislative thought.

Mesopotamia, to reveal the old Iraqi legislator’s view of childhood and the interest in it by the legislative authority, which expresses social justice in this society and the keenness of its kings to ensure that all citizens of the Kingdom enjoy the rights and duties contained in the law, as well as identifying the nature of the application of those laws on the ground through A review of some legal cases related to the child that were recorded in the records of the judicial courts, and the study focused on revealing the clear interest by the legislative authority in the childhood stage since its formation as a fetus in its mother’s womb and after birth until its inception, as most of the legal provisions of the old Iraqi legislation came about preserving The rights of the child, ensuring his family stability and protecting him from harm.

The study reached many results, the most important of which are: The Sumerian and Babylonian civilizations knew a culture of discrimination between males and females, except for the different natures of each of them from the other.

As for treatment and rights, they were mostly equal.

The inhabitants of Mesopotamia also knew administrative systems and security measures to document the identity of the child and protect it from loss, such as birth certificates and clay footprints.

Undoubtedly, this is considered a development in the administrative and security systems for the childhood stage in that early period of history.