موقف عشائر شمر الجربا العراقية من الصراع المصري-العثماني (1831-1841)‎: على ضوء الوثائق المصرية

الملخص EN

The paper sheds light on the attitude of one the largest Iraqi tribes toward the conflict between Mohamed Ali Pasha, Wali of Egypt (1805-1848), and Mahmud II, Sultan of the Ottoman Em- pire (1808-1839) in the 4th decade of the 19th century.

It touches on the tribe -in terms of origins, migrations, region, economics, power, and leadership represented in its chief Safoq Al-Faris-and its at-titude toward the wars against Riza Pasha, Wali of Iraq (1831-1841) with the last Mamluk ruler Dawud Pasha, Wali of Iraq (1817-1831).

Why the tribe support Riza Pasha, Why it turned against him? How this led the tribe to enter into conflict with other tribes? Had the defeat of the Ottoman Empire by Egyptian troops in the Levant any effect on the revolt of Safoq, who reached a junctures: whether to lead his tribes in a march to the Levant against Egyptian forces, or to turn against the Ottomans taking the opportunity to become the Arabian leader of Iraq.

He finally decided to turn against the Ot- tomans, so he attached the tribes allying with Baghdad, allied with Egyptian leadership and exchanged correspondence with them.

For this reason, researchers thought that his revolt was nothing but an Arabian national movement longing to get rid of the foreign Ottoman dominance.

He collaborated with Yahya Al Jalili, ruler of Mosul, and with the remnants of Mamluk Sultanate leaded by the last flighting Mamluk leader Enayat Agha.

Thus, Ali Rıza Pa- sha, Wali of Iraq, took measures to suppress those movements; he dismissed the ruler of Mosul, he and incited the Anizah tribes to launch a deadly attack against Jarba Shammar Tribes and encour- aged them to defend Iraq against the projected Egyptian attack.

After concluding the Convention of Kütahya 1833, the Ottoman Empire worked on eliminating all aspects of resistance in Iraq.

It made that an offensive line against the Egyptian presence in the Le-vant, in spite of the confirmations in the reports of the leaders of Mohamed Ali about the acceptance of the Egyptian rule by Iraqis, who saw in him a means to get rid of the "Sick man of Europe".