الاشتقاق من منظور المدارس اللغوية الحديثة

الملخص EN

This paper deals with the history of derivation and modern linguistic points of view according to different linguists.

Traditional Arabic linguists defined derivation as the study of the origins of words, their derivations, the relation between these two, the way of forming words and putting them together.

In this way, derivation is an essential aspect of Arabic language and it is a way of structuring and enriching it.

Descriptionists denied the traditional approach of derivations that suggest: derivation’s stem could be infinitive or verb, and also according to traditionalists, the base is a meaningless three letters (verbal base), this base gains its meaning when it is attached to another form.

On the other hand, transformationalists are interested in syntax, formation of sentences, and creating general rules that are applicable to all languages.

In addition to that, they slightly discuss derivations; they suggest that the stem represents the deep structure while derivations represent the surface structure.

Functionalists suggest that derivational processes in Arabic consist of series of derivations, and words are formed according to the three verbal bases (fa’al) (fa’ei) (fo’al).

Words that are derived from these bases could be stems for other derived forms.