قناصل المدن الإيطالية التجارية ودورهم في تعزيز العلاقات السياسية والتجارية مع دولة المماليك (12501300 م)‎

الملخص EN

This research deals with an important administrative position that formed in the period under discussion an effective element in facilitating and interacting economic relations between the Italian commercial cities and the countries of the Islamic Mashreq represented in the Mamluk state.

, This research is an attempt to give a clearer picture, and I hope that I have succeeded in that.